These images are from a walk I took around the western half of the Expo grounds during the afternoon. Already, there were quite a few civilians on the grounds; they must have procured a temporary pass somehow or other. The wonders of guanxi!

I've geotagged the images, and put them on Google Maps. The current satellite image in Google Maps for the area is from October 4, 2009, showing the state of construction almost exactly 6 months ago.

Check out the larger map, or else see the same set on Flickr here.
View Expo2010 - a preview in a larger map

October 2009

Most surprising is the sheer amount of life to be found in Beijing's public parks, with the burghers of Beijing displaying not a whit of self-consciousness as they pursue self-organized group activities. In one spot, an ad hoc orchestra accompanies older people practicing traditional dance, with a large crowd spectating. Elsewhere, under a gazebo, It sounds like this (mp3 file)enthusiasts for traditional music gather for a jam session with their traditional instruments. Others seem to revert to more childish pleasures, jumping around to music as they wave about a stick with a long colored piece of fabric attached. The open-air tap-dancing class, meanwhile, is a popular aerobics workout for middle-aged women. My favorite distraction is the old man writing Chinese characters with water on pavement stones. Freshly enamored with these characters myself, I strike up a conversation with him, and he hands me his brush. As I write my clumsy characters he tries to guess them before I finish, or else corrects me. A crowd starts gathering around us.

Beijing's more conventional tourist destinations are truly majestic in scale. The Forbidden City and the axis of temples and towers to the north of it can justly claim priority on any globetrotter's to-do list. More surprising was the sense I got, from visiting the 798 Art Zone and some of the more popular artsy student hangouts, that pushing against political boundaries, even if it never amounts more than a heavy lean, is alive and well in Beijing in ways that I have not seen in Shanghai. After the disappointment of spending June 4, 2009, in a city that ardently shopped its way through the 20th anniversary of the violent end to the Tiananmen Square protests, I see more independence of spirit in Beijing's youth, and that is entirely a good thing. I can't wait for them to grow up and start taking over their world.

Shanghai October proved to be a photogenic month for Shanghai, with crisp weather facilitating some iconic shots.

Most interesting right now is documenting that ever-shifting boundary between old and new Shanghai, which can be quite stark at times. Waking up at an ungodly hour and heading for the neighborhood of Hongkou turned in this panorama at sunrise:

Early morning in Hongkou in Shanghai

Most of the people in this photo had been setting up shop since first light.

November 2009

Roundabout on Pham Ngu Lao, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam in Asia

Saigon was the backdrop to a lot of the modern history Joakim and I studied in grad school, so the War Remnants Museum and the Reunification Palace were obvious destinations, and we also spent the day visiting the famed tunnels of Củ Chi, from where the Vietcong planned the Tết Offensive. The Vietnamese clearly value and take pride in their hard-fought independence from colonial rule. One surprise to me was learning that the Vietnamese consider their war with the US to have been one of independence, not ideology, just as had been the case with the insurrections against the French and the Chinese. If only Lyndon B Johnson had known this early on; the 20th century might have looked very different.

We made sure to stay at the Hotel Continental, a fading jewel from colonial times where Graham Greene wrote The Quiet American. I finished that book in one of the cafés it mentions.

On the day I spent on my own, I engaged in a whole day's worth of urban trekking, staking out markets that tourists do not usually end up in:

Cho Vuon Chuoi market, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam in Asia

December 2009

I also decided to quit alcohol and coffee (and cola) for a year, until next Christmas eve, in part to remind my body who's boss. So far, this has resulted in consuming a lot more tea and chocolate — it is far harder to give up caffeine than alcohol, I've learned. One definite perk: Even the most expensive restaurants are surprisingly affordable, once there is no alcohol involved.

Switzerland My resolve was immediately tested but not broken when I spent New Year's skiing with Joakim and Eurof and their families in Switzerland. Their kids are real smart: On the first day I taught one how to write Chinese numbers; the next day, she taught all the others. My new mission: Convincing all my friends' offspring at an early age that learning Chinese is fun. They'll thank me in 20 years. (My four-year old niece Amélie was similarly smitten by Chinese characters.)

Because Switzerland had recently taken a turn towards intolerance by banning the building of new minarets, I was compelled to perform a small act of defiance — the building of an illegal snow minaret, inspired by the Ibn Tulun mosque in Cairo. For all I know it is still there.

January 2010

February 2010

Cairo involved several hectic days of back-to-back meetings with very interesting people, punctured by forays into epochal Cairo traffic.

In Beirut, too, we were given some great insights, albeit in lighter traffic. And there was time to meet old friends Tom and Makram.

I then spent a few more days in Cairo on vacation, to catch up with friends there at a more leisurely pace. It is remarkable how easily the old routines return. As I walked around my old neighborhood, the man who used to iron my shirts at his street-side stall greeted me as if I had just returned from a long holiday, and offered me tea. Fortunately, I had spent my flight from Shanghai refreshing my basic Arabic, so our talk wasn't all sign language.

Matjaž, a photographer friend, had just gotten his panoramic photography gear, so we decided to go on a mini-expedition to test it. Our destination was the monasteries of St. Paul and St. Anthony, in the desert near the Red Sea a few hours driving southeast of Cairo. These are among the first Christian monasteries to be founded. Here's the panorama we ended up taking, in the cave church of Saint Paul.

Cave church of Saint Paul Monastery, Egypt in Middle Egypt

March 2010

What will I do this summer? I plan to learn intensive Chinese in Beijing for a few months, so that I can push beyond the language's steep learning curve. Then, I want to travel, perhaps to Tibet or Xinjiang. And there are all these small web projects I've wanted to work on this past year, but not had the time for. I also wouldn't mind teaching myself how to program for the iPhone and iPad... If any of these plans work out, I'll be most content.

As a result, everything I know about Rose I have learned in Chinese — that she is from Ningbo: A city twice the size of Brussels that nobody outside China has heard of.Ningbo, that she is learning French, and that she is marrying Frank, a C# programmer.

They've been legally married for a few months already, but the wedding parties were saved for the 60th anniversary Chinese national day weekend — one in Ningbo, for her family, and one in a farming village that is quickly going urban about an hour South of Shanghai, for his family. I and some other students were invited to the Shanghai party.

It was to be my first Chinese wedding, and I had no idea what to expect. I ended up capturing a series of vignettes on my iPhone, which I collated into a 10-minute mini documentary. Here it is:

Note: A lot of tasty animals were harmed in the making of this film, so if you are a vegetarian, watch through your fingers. Also note: I did not eat any turtle; and no shark-fin soup was served.

Rose and Frank get married from Stefan Geens on Vimeo.

After a fact-finding work trip to Shanghai in October 2008, the idea was broached that I should perhaps move to Shanghai to manage Sweden's web strategy in China. The case for moving to Shanghai soon became compelling. A chance to live in China does not come by too often, and it is also something I've wanted to do. I had only been in Egypt two years, which is not sufficient time to check off everything on my to-do list for that region, but living in Egypt is an easily arranged project — visas at the airport, renewable ad infinitum. Moving to China takes a bit more planning.

January ended with the customary monthly trip to Stockholm to touch base. This time around, however, the China project was very much on the table, though without any decisions being made as to whether I'd go, or stay in Egypt.

February 4-15: Sana'a and Socotra With the question left pending, I decided to cash in vacation time during February and do some travel in a region that I might soon leave. I thus bought a last minute ticket to Socotra, Yemen's natural wonder in the Indian Ocean, off the Horn of Africa. This wasn't an impulse buy; Socotra has long been an obsession of mine. I had known about its unique flora for a long time, but then Google Earth made the place tangible, tantalizing, and yet not quite real. I needed to go there and document it myself.

From Cairo, Yemen's capital Sana'a is just a few hours' flying. Yemen's had bad press of late, with kidnappings of westerners going badly, but Sana'a itself is safe enough, while Socotra is far removed from the tribal strife that afflicts the mainland.

Sana'a is quite a stopover. The old town, with its towering houses, minarets, alleys, hidden gardens and a sprawling souk, is like a medieval Manhattan. I spent a few days exploring this maze-like warren, finding the best spots to take 360-degree panoramas. The souk proved to be a very fertile place for taking the best kind of panorama — those which include portraits of people:

Tin suq, Sana'a, Yemen in Yemen

Spice suq, Sana'a, Yemen in Yemen

But no experience of Sana'a is complete without a sunset view of the skyline.

Sana'a: View from a rooftop at sunset in Yemen

Then on to Socotra, on Yemenia, via a brief stop in Mukalla.

As I suspected, and despite trying, it is impossible to imagine what Socotra is like. The whole place has an otherworldly feel to it, a living tribute to the endless adaptation of flora and fauna through the wonder of evolution. I spent a week exploring the island with Ahmed, my guide, and his 4WD. See all my photos, paths and even a GPS trace of paved roads on Google Earth, via this file.Destinations included the high Diksum plateau at the center of the island, where the primeval-looking Dragon's Blood trees reside; Hoq cave, into which you can walk for 2 kilometers all by yourself, Qansaliya beach, with its plentiful but shy yellow crabs, the high high dunes of the northeast coast, the corals and fish of Di Hamri point, and the Homhil nature area and its spectacular rock pool:

Homhil Protected Area, Socotra, Yemen in Yemen

Diksum plateau is carved by deep wadis — when you stand at the edge, you can see Dragon's Blood trees all the way to the horizon:

Wadi Daerhu from on high, Socotra, Yemen in Yemen

Socotra is riddled with caves, most of them unexplored. One cave structure, in Wadi Geneb, Here is their website, which has this video of their expedition. was explored recently by a Belgian speleological expedition — they made it 20km into the cave, diving frequently, confirming this as Arabia's longest cave. I ventured a little into the cave myself:

The whole island is karstic Swiss cheese, carved out by monsoon rainwater seeping into limestone.

February 19 - March 21: Travel rapids The last week of February I was in 19-26 FebGeneva, attending the I ended up taking photos as well.closing meetings of International Polar Year held at the World Meteorological Organisation. Having helped Rhian and Dave with IPY's web strategy these past three years, it was great to be there as the project reached this landmark. I also managed to go skiing for a day, and of course made a pilgrimage to the World Trade Organisation, guided by old school friend Markus. I also had an opportunity to spoil my godson Leonidas, who lives in Geneva with John and Yianna, his parents.

Then, onwards to February 27 - March 1London by high-speed train, to check in with my niece one last time before my (by now confirmed) move to Shanghai, and then on to March 2-7Belgium, to check in with the parents. Then a week in March 8-13Stockholm for work, then on to March 14-19Shanghai for a workshop with our developers, then back to Cairo via March 20-21Dubai, where I spent 24 hours with old school friends Tom and Uta.

March 26-29: Lebanon The last weekend in March I headed for Lebanon. First to Beirut, where I looked up old school friends Tom, now working there with the IFC, and Makram, now a professor at the Lebanese American University. A first night out in Beirut showcased the resurgent nightlife, and the next day I walked all over town, thought the reconstructed city center, the remaining ruins, and popular neighborhoods home to the different factions. One thing this security-conscious city's guardians don't like: Photographers, so I didn't try capturing the city on camera.

You can see my route and all my Lebanon photos in Google Earth via this file.I did however take photos when the next day I rented a car and visited Byblos, a remarkable archaeological site about an hour North of Beirut that is frequently cited as being the oldest continuously inhabited site on the planet.

The day after that, Makram and I went hunting for cedars, and found them high up in the mountains, covered in snow.

My April 3-5final weekend in Cairo was spent in the company of old schoolfriend Joachim, flying in from Sweden on a visit long in the making. It was an opportunity for me to do all the tourist sites one last time: With Matjaz's help, we got to see some recently restored mosques not yet open to the public, while with Ilona's help, we got to visit a "live" excavation at Dashur. Of course, there was the requisite pyramid visiting, with picture proof:

More photos here.

Shanghai On April 6 I landed in Shanghai. First priority was finding a place to rent for a year. Meanwhile, I stayed in some serviced flats. I soon bought a bike, with which I would come to explore much of the city center, searching for wifi-enabled cafés where you can spend a few hours at a time working. This is a habit first picked up in Stockholm and perfected in Cairo: I am much more efficient and can focus for much longer when sitting in a café environment, as opposed to in an an office, I suspect because in an office one is obligated to gossip and otherwise interact with your co-workers. In a café, you are alone in your thoughts but together with others. Perfect:-)

By the end of April, I had found my apartment, but first another April 29 - May 6trip to Stockholm — to renew my visa, but also to attend my blogger friend Jenny's wedding. My contribution? This panorama.

The view from my apartment:
After returning to Shanghai amid a full-fledged H1N1 flu scare, I moved into my apartment on May 7, and immediately set about making it home: Getting internet, finding the local supermarket, buying a coffee maker, an iron, a computer screen, a microwave... I found out where the best places are in Shanghai is to buy computers, cameras, books and maps, and at the recommendation of a friend got an ayi, an older lady who comes in twice a week to clean and cook delicious Chinese food.

Meanwhile, work's been busy, with various conferences and workshops in Shanghai during June and July. That hasn't stopped me from starting private Chinese lessons with Rose, my teacher, 3 times a week for 2 hours at a time. Chinese is difficult, much more so than Arabic, but just as fun to write.

July 22: Eclipse My first visitor to Shanghai turned out to be Felix, who flew in for a week July 19-25, in part to catch the much-anticipated
All four photos here.total solar eclipse on July 22. To maximize our chances of seeing it, we headed to Moganshan, a mountain retreat west of Shanghai, near Hangzhou. That turned out to be a lucky move, as almost the entire landfall of the eclipse was covered in a swathe of clouds, and yet our specific spot in a field of tea bushes on a saddleback ridge saw the clouds part just as the eclipse reached totality.

Felix wrote up the eclipse on his blog.In contrast, Shanghai was completely rained out during the eclipse.

What does the second half of 2009 portend? Work, but also some opportunities to travel around China. I had already put my sights on Kashgar's historic old town that is now being demolished in order to "save" it from earthquakes, as well as the nearby Shipton's Arch, the world's tallest natural arch. But alas, with the recent unrest, it is not clear how long it will be before the extreme west of China is accessible again. Stay tuned.

January - MarchMy trips to Washington DC, Ethiopia and Luxor during January and February were blogged in my last big catch-up post. I spent Easter with family in Belgium, where I blogged my early experiments with panoramic photography on my (now alas late) grandmother Mabi and my niece Amélie.

AprilI visited Paris twice in April, both times for work: Once to attend a preparatory conference on the "virtual" Shanghai Expo 2010, and once on an institutional retreat that involved a generous dollop of cultural activities. Here are some photos from the Musée D'Orsay taken on one such excursion.

Musée D'Orsay from above, Paris.

Paris was simply charming — much less dirty and much more cosmopolitan than I remember it even a few years ago — and not just because it was spring. Rome, on the other hand, was creaking under a mass of tourists; I spent 4 hours there on a photo expedition during a layover on my way back to Cairo. You can see the result in this photo essay.

The Spanish Steps, Rome, looking down.

MayOops. A bout a pneumonia had me laid low in the Anglo-American Hospital in Zamalek for a few days, where I got myself an intravenous drip with some industrial-strength antibiotics. The nurses were lovely, veiled and only knew Arabic, so I was very eager to translate the English-language drug-administering instructions into universal sign language for them. As I had my laptop with 3G internet dongle at hand, I also made sure to Google every drug brand name within arm's length. Just to be sure.

I also managed to use technology in novel ways to get a second opinion from James, my surgeon-friend in NYC. When I got the X-ray transparency of my lungs back I turned the desktop background of my MacBook Pro to bright white, put the transparency in front of it and took a 5MB photo with my Nokia N95.

Bottom right, in case you're wondering where the problem was.

I emailed that to James, who agreed it was a garden-variety lung infection and not some career-ending thing.

Oops #2 was the death of my MacBook Pro on May 20. I had everything backed up, but this certainly crimped my style. News to me was that there are no warranty repairs available for Macs in the Middle East — I'd have to wait until my return to Europe. I did find a temporary replacement MacBook while in Cairo, but my MacBook Pro would end up needing a new motherboard (twice!) and I wouldn't see it work again properly until July. This led to a concerted effort to use web-based applications exclusively for a while, but I quickly found that the cloud can't replace the desktop yet.

June-JulyLike last year, June means it is time to head for cooler climates than Cairo. This year, I summered in Berlin, as did Felix and Michelle from NYC, in addition to long-term Berliners Marc and Franzi. A critical mass of friends drew me there, in other words.

The city is the uncontested cultural capital of Europe, and green, and bike friendly, bohemian yet not (too) averse to business, cheap, tolerant, with wide sidewalks and outdoor cafés, buzzing with creativity... In short, large parts of it reminded me of NYC's East Village circa 1997. For example, here is what you'll find while walking down the street on midsummer day:

Another aspect of Berlin that reminded me of NYC is its sizable population of immigrants. The Euro 2008 Cup was on during my stay, and it led to several unlikely victories for Turkey. The joy by Turkish immigrants at Turkey's last-minute victory over Croatia was overwhelming, and spilled out onto the streets.

In the next game, they lost to Germany, however.

I would have liked to stay longer in Berlin than the 4-week total I managed in the end, but was pleasantly distracted by...

Yianna and Eurof's baptism of their son Leonidas in Athens, where I played the part of (godless) Greek-Orthodox godfather, followed by a week on Andros island doing precisely nothing except a spot of windsurfing and excursions to secluded bays. Bliss.

Pretending to pay attention to the priest. Also, it was about 40 degrees in the shade.

I got to Greece via Berlin's beautiful Tempelhof Airport, flying out exactly 60 years to the day after the start of the Berlin Airlift. A few months later, the airport would close forever, so I got there early and took some photos.

The classic shot of Tempelhof Airport, with its open hangar.

From Greece, I travelled to Cambridge to attend the wedding of Rhian and Andy, where I played official wedding photographer. The ceremony and party were held in a field beside the Cam river, where we all set up tents and partied long into the night.

Rhian and Andy atop Nooksak, their houseboat, during a fierce orange sunset.

The second half of July was again spent productively in Berlin. The undisputed highlight was the visit of presidential candidate Barack Obama. I was there! Here's proof:

AugustThe first week of August was spent in London visiting family and also visiting Google's London HQ for a pow-wow with the Google geo-team and friends.

Then it was time for my big summer project: Panoramic Sweden — wherein I rented a car and drove right around Sweden in 17 days and 5,300 kms, making panoramas, processing them and posting one daily to the Panoramic Sweden blog, for the Swedish Institute. In the five years I had lived in Stockholm, I had never ventured much outside the city. Sweden, it turns out, is a revelation:

Click and drag to look around. Read more about this panorama.

The blog got great feedback, and the daily routine proved to be quite the photographic learning experience. I drove through every part of the country, all the way up to Kiruna and down to Ystad and to both Öland and Gotland. It was exhausting but oh so worth it.

SeptemberSeptember began with a trip back to Washington DC, where I had been invited by the US Library of Congress to speak to federal librarians about "Public Diplomacy and the 3D Web — The view from Sweden". Here are my slides on Google Docs:

It was also a chance to catch up with good friends whom I hadn't seen since... way back in January!

By the time I got back to Cairo around mid September, the recent frenetic pace caught up with me and I got a relapse of the ol' pneumonia. I decided to get treatment in Sweden this time — fortunately a regular course of antibiotics sufficed.

October-NovemberMy beloved grandmother Mabi died in Early October, so I went to the funeral on the way to Shanghai for a week, where I was part of a fact-finding mission for the Swedish Institute to find out what it takes to set up a localized website in China. With more Chinese online in 2008 than any other nationality, Sweden has decided to prioritize the Chinese web as a medium for its public diplomacy; now we just need to figure out how to do that.

Shanghai impressed with its drive and energy and — comparing now to Cairo — cleanliness and wealth. There is no doubting that Shanghai is placing itself in the running to be the "new" New York. I took some photos during the trip.

Yuyuan Garden, Shanghai

The rest of October and much of November were spent in Egypt — finally. Flatmate Ilona had organized a scholarly conference on "Intercultural contacts in the Ancient Mediterranean" and a related exhibition at the Egyptian Museum on "Ancient Egypt in the Mediterranean", so I helped out by taking photos — of the conference and of the exhibition opening. In return I got to sit in on some very interesting presentations by famous Egyptologists:-)

Egypt's antiquities Supremo Zahi Hawass (r)

One weekend early in November I headed to Alexandria for the first time, and spent 48 hours exploring the city and taking photos. Alexandria is a lovely town, open to the Mediterranean and all the clean breezes that brings, laid back and untainted by large influxes of tourists. The new Alexandrian library impressed, but the highlight was very much wandering through the souk, engaging the merchants with my bad Arabic in the hope of getting their picture. Here is the resulting photo essay.

Night scene in Alexandria.

DecemberDecember kicked off with a truly amazing and unique trip through Middle Egypt. I spent a week tagging along with Ilona and her master's students in Egyptology from the universities of Leiden and Leuven on a study trip of archaeological sites in the region. This is an area not often visited by tourists, and many of the sites are off-limits to non-archaeologists.

We had a bus and driver at our disposition, so each day we headed out — with police escort — to places that were once the jewels in the crown of the oldest and longest-lasting great civilization in the history of mankind — Hermopolis, Beni Hassan, Akoris, Abydos, Tuna el Gebel, Asyut, el Hawawish, Akhetaten... The confidence and artistic genius evident in the ancient Egyptians' tomb murals and temple inscriptions are a wonderful thing to behold.

Alien V: The Tombs of Asyut

I shot regular photos, but also brought along my panorama gear, and took a series of 360-degree panoramas as well.

I had a GPS unit with me during the trip, so in the weeks after I got back I collected all my photos, panoramas and GPS track into a file for downloading and viewing in Google Earth. I also wrote up how I made the file on Ogle Earth. The idea was to make the trip come alive in ways that a traditional trip report can't.

Since I had some vacation days left, I flew to Aswan for a long weekend of sightseeing. As of November, individual travellers no longer need to be part of a convoy or organized tour group between Luxor and Aswan, so I rented a car and driver and threw the temples of Kom Ombo and Edfu into the bargain. Photos.

Aswan from the dunes.

Christmas was spent with family in Belgium, catching up on the gossip and getting my three-year old niece Amélie up to date on the latest technological advances:

I also managed to break a rib in the final weeks of 2008, in a scenario that involved socks, a slippery surface and a non-compliant sofa, but it is healing nicely, thanks. Finally, New Year's was spent back in Cairo with friends.

Now, what excitement will 2009 bring?

EQUIPMENT:

Hardware:
Nikon D300
Nikon 10.5mm fisheye lens
Manfrotto 055XPROB tripod
360Precision Adjuste panoramic tripod head
2.4GHz 17" MacBook Pro with 4GB RAM

Software:
Nikon Capture NX
PTGui Pro
Photoshop CS3
CubicConverter
Flash Panorama Player

WORKFLOW:

Taking the shot:
When I find a spot, I attach the camera to the tripod and fix the exposure, shutter speed, focus and color temperature so that they are all the same for each series of shots. The panoramic head is set up so that I will take 6 shots of the horizon around at 60-degree intervals and one pointing straight up. The shot pointing straight down is a bit trickier to take — I usually turn on the timer, push the shutter button, then extent the tripod horizontally in such a way that the camera is pointing down from approximately where it was before but without my or the tripod's legs being in the picture. I usually take more than one shot for each image in a series, and more than one series for a particular location: The former gives me enough backup shots in case objects such as people move between shots; the latter lets me experiment with exposure and shutter speeds to get the best combination.

Processing the shot:
Because I try to preserve as much detail from the shoot for as long as possible in my workflow, I use the raw image as my starting point — for Nikon cameras, that's a .NEF file. I download these to my desktop, then batch process them into 16-bit TIFF files with Nikon Capture NX. The reason I use Nikon's software here is that it automatically corrects for chromatic aberration (CA) in the fish-eye lens. I find the CA in the raw image to be quite pronounced, but also completely removable when using Capture NX. Photoshop lets you manually correct for CA, but batch processing with Capture NX saves me a lot of time.

Once I've chosen the definite six shots around plus one nadir and zenith shot for a particular series, I import them into PTGui Pro and get to work producing the composite panorama. I first let the program have its best go at it with its (very good) automated tools, but then I look over the results and tweak them manually. It is at this stage that a lot of voodoo happens to reduce any visible seams in the image, both by manually choosing good control points on pairs of images and by setting the correct parameters for the optimizer. A lot of the tricks here are just the result of trial and error.

Once a good-looking composite is in place (PTGui lets you preview it), I export the largest possible panorama — an image that is around 11700 by 5850 pixels large. I export to a 16-bit Photoshop .PSB file, which allows for extremely large file sizes. I also turn on PTGui's option to export all component images as masked layers. The resulting file can be up to 1.5GB large, because it contains the blended base image in the bottom layer plus eight layers for component images, each with a mask attached.

Now I get to work in Photoshop. By removing bits of the mask of a component image layer, I can effectively paint over the base image with the contents of a component image. This makes a difference near the seams, where sometimes a person or moving object at the edge of an image may only be half visible in the blended base image. By choosing to favor one component image over another, I can paint in (or completely remove) an object near the seam.

When such conflicts have been resolved, I export the result as a single-layer 16-bit TIFF file, and open that in Photoshop for some final editing tweaks. It is at this stage that I remove any remaining blending artifacts with the clone stamp tool (for example if straight lines don't meet correctly), and also apply global exposure adjustments. I save.

Now it is time to create this TIFF file into a viewable panorama. I fire up CubicConverter and import the TIFF file. I then convert it to a series of six cube faces, at the largest possible setting, usually around 3728 pixels square, and then save them into a folder as JPEGs (each around 3MB large). I then create a version with cube faces that are 900 pixels square, and save that into another folder (each around 250KB large). This way I will have one small version for a quick web view, and one full-resolution version for those who want to wait for the full quality view.

There are many different ways of displaying a panorama in a web browser. I have been using Flash Panorama Player, wich is a Flash application that loads six cube-face images and presents them in an interactive viewer. For each panorama, I put a copy of the Flash application, the cube faces and certain helper files into a directory on a web server. This can then be embedded into a web page via a simple <iFrame> tag. Flash Panorama Player is a very versatile tool, and I have used only a small subset of its features.

One feature I would look for in a future implementation of a panorama viewer is the ability to use one full-size panorama image, showing progressively more detailed views as a user zooms in. This way, a quick low-resolution image can be presented at once, but high-resolution images of a portion of the whole panorama can be downloaded and viewed upon zooming without loss of detail.

That's my workflow. Do let me know if something in the above text isn't clear or if I've rushed it in places.

In the meantime, I've been getting better with the panoramas, at least technically. See if you can find a seam in this one, of De Feestzaal, a new-old shopping arcade in Antwerp. I took it yesterday, played with it today. Still coming up — small versions for those of you sucking internet through straws...

Here is my grandmother, Mabi, aged 93, in her assisted living home.

And here is my dad in his living room.

In both cases, a new page opens up where you can see the panorama.

Kom Firin: One fine Saturday in October I had the good fortune of accompanying my Egyptologist flatmate Ilona on a visit to an excavation in the Nile Delta: Kom Firin, a Ramesside period tell being excavated by a team from the British Museum, comprises Kom Firin was situated on the front lines with Ramesses II's mortal enemy, the Libyans. The excavation team also thinks that the Nile once flowed past the site, and that the site possibly was an island.the remains of a fortified settlement and temple complex.

For me the trip was partly wish fulfilment (visiting a "real" archaeological dig) and partly an excuse to play with interesting geo technologies — as reported on Ogle Earth. Flickr photos are over here, and you can see a goereferenced subset on my Google Earth layer (KMZ file, opens in Google Earth).

After a lunch with the team on the porch of the Kom Firin magazine, we drove on to hunt for Kom El-Hisn, another little known site, this one an Old Kingdom settlement from around 3,100 BC. There was very little to see there — no standing structures and no current excavation work — but it was fascinating to see how the old and the new intertwine: there was a village on the edge of the site, and farmland on the other, while Kom El-Hisn itself felt like something of a no-man's land.

A walk from Ibn Tulun to Zamalek On November 11, a Sunday, I visited Ibn Tulun mosque and the Gayer-Anderson museum, and then walked from there back to Zamalek through popular neighborhoods. Ibn Tulun is perhaps my favorite mosque in Cairo. It makes room for itself, avoids excessive ornamentation, and its minaret is whimsical, with a circular staircase snaking around the outside of the tower — a structure that would not feel out of place in an Esher print or Borges short story.

The Gayer-Anderson Museum, built against the walls of Ibn Tulun, is a wonderfully restored 17th-century house stuffed with the "Oriental" art collection of early 20th-century British Major Gayer-Anderson, whose residence this was.

From there, I ended up walking home. You can see images from the day on Flickr, but you can also see the walk in the Google Earth layer.

The November-February rapids Then came the rapids. Follow carefully now. Nov 20-28 I was in Stockholm for my work with the Swedish Institute. Nov 28 - Dec 1 I was in Berlin, attending the Online Educa education technology fair. While there I blogged a cool smart board on Ogle Earth:

I also gave a presentation at the Swedish Embassy entitled "Public Diplomacy, Web 2.0 & the 3D Web". It was all about how we are using social web tools like Facebook and virtual worlds like Second Life to build brand awareness for Sweden:

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Then back to Cairo. From Dec 9 - 14 I was in Kuala Lumpur, attending the Global Knowledge III conference. I was invited there to be part of a panel discussion on virtual diplomacy. As it was simultaneously held in Second Life, you can see what it looked like on this YouTube video:

It just so happened that my 20th anniversary high school reunion was being held a few days later, so I found a cheap ticket and headed to Sydney from Dec 15-17. It was the first time in 19 years that I had been back to a city that held many formative experiences for me. My fellow students from Cranbrook School had aged, of course, and it is strange to be in a room with 70 people that are all exactly your own age.

There was also an opportunity to explore the school, and I also walked all around central Sydney, to our old house on Drumalbyn Road 11, to Bondi Beach (in the rain) to St. Paul's College at Sydney University (where I boarded for a year), all around Double Bay... It's as if I was urgently upgrading an outdated mental map of a region of the world I used to know well. I remembered some spots vividly, while often the bits in between had been forgotten, though they'd come racing back when I drove or walked past them.

Then came the long treck back to Cairo. First a night on the Gold Coast (cheap flight, remember?), then a long layover in Kuala Lumpur, and then another long layover in Dubai. In Dubai, however, I checked in to the emirate for the day, took a bus around the city, got off in a nondescript area and walked towards a long line of shimmering high-rises off in the distance. On the way there I stumbled onto a cricket match between Indian and Pakistani bus drivers on a parking lot. It was a surreal setting. Once I had landed on the high-rise strip, I hailed a taxi and asked him to drive me to the Burj Dubai, the world's tallest building currently under construction. As the fare was cheap, I had the driver drive me around some more of the landmarks. Dubai is a very very strange place.

I was home again in Cairo Dec 20, but off to Belgium for Christmas with the family Dec 23-30. The highlight (at least for me) was playing with the lego train set I had bought for my niece. Friends Petra and Partrick from Sweden visited Cairo when I returned, and we spent New Year's at a party on a balcony overlooking the Nile. Nice.

Jan 5-11 I was in Washington, DC, to help set up and inaugurate Virtu-Real, an exhibition that blends the Second House of Sweden in Second Life with the real-life House of Sweden. We got onto Fox News:

Flickr pictures here, taken with a brand new most excellent Nikon D300, courtesy of a strong euro. Washington DC was also a wonderful opportunity to catch up with old friends — a bunch happen to be living there at the moment.

Then back to Cairo. Jan 13-23 it was off to Ethiopia with egyptologist-flatmate Ilona. Finally, a real vacation, though the pace we set ourselves was a bit grueling. We "only" had 10 days, so we did a lot of flying. A compact itinerary follows:

Arrive in Addis Ababa. Explore the city. Fly north to Bihar Dar, see the Blue Nile, see monasteries on Lake Tana, take the bus north to Gonder, see the fort, take a 4WD north to the amazing Simien Mountains National Park, shoot some baboons (with a camera), back to Gonder, fly via Lalibela (but no stopping!) north to Aksum, see the Axumite stele, drive to Adwa and on to Yeha for an even older temple, then back to Aksum and Fly onto Addis Ababa. Take a bus to the Melka Kunture Prehistoric Site, bribe the guard to open it, see a crocodile, negotiate a private minibus to lake Ziway via the middle of nowhere, see a hippo, then head back to Addis (as they call it) and catch a flight back to Egypt. Phew. But worth it. The only regret is that a religious festival meant there was no way to visit Lalibela. Next time.

Here is the set on Flickr, though you can also see the photos via this Google Map:

Back in Cairo. Then Back in Stockholm Jan 28 - Feb 11, brainstorming this year's plans for new media work at the Swedish Institute. Back to Cairo! Friend Niki came to visit from Stockholm, so for the weekend of Feb 16-18 we headed to Luxor. We'd been tipped off that the best way to see the west bank was to do the walk to the ridge over Queen Hatshepsut's temple, and we did just that. Such wonderful views. Luxor can be quite trying — not so much the crowds and the hassle, but the fact that there is so much of it. One goes numb. Best to take it in small doses, so I'll be visiting again soon.

Flickr pics are here. Here they are on a map.

And with that, we're back in the present.

The Citadel I visited the Citadel out of a sense of duty. Lonely Planet calls it overrated and overpriced, and so have friends here in Cairo. Best to get it out of the way then, as it does impose itself on the city, and hence deserves some acknowledgment.

The tourist entrance is tucked behind the citadel when approaching from the city, so it is not pedestrian-friendly. Dropped off by a taxi, I merged with the herdloads of tourists being disgorged by tour buses. Inside the ramparts, I was indeed underwhelmed — there are abandoned and collapsing barracks and palaces all round, topped by the 19th century Mohammed Ali Mosque. It is the mosque that dominates Cairo's skyline, and though it is large it boasts an uninspired exterior.

The inside was more gaudy than arabesque. The tour groups didn't seem to mind as they don't have much to compare it too, so they spent their few minutes inside recording every precious moment with home electronics. Being the good self-referential postmodernist that I am, I took pictures of them. If you want large mosques that impress, visit Istanbul instead.

With that mosque out of the way, I had a look at the view. It was essentially the same view as that from the minarets I had climbed previously, but without the Citadel as backdrop, as I was standing on it. So as far as views are concerned, the Citadel isn't essential either. Look:

But then, through sheer bloody-minded determination, I ventured on until I chanced upon the National Military Museum. This monumental ode to kitsch is a must for all jaded students of world affairs. It takes itself very very seriously, which makes it the best kind of kitsch.

Inside, huge wall-sized paintings portray victorious Egyptian generals being lauded by the populace as they stride confidently into the future. Walking from room to room is like visiting the inner chambers of the mind of a hormonal nationalist. And it is all so very instructive. The Yom Kippur war was conducted by Egypt with "world stunning planning". The motto alongside one display is "Faith in God, victory or martyrdom". Witty repartee to the sentiments articulated in these exhibits comes effortlessly, and this can be sustained for hours.

There was one more mosque to see on the way out of the Citadel. The Qala'un Mosque is spartan next to the ostentation of Mohammed Ali Mosque, but comes with its own distinct sense of humor: If you look carefully, you'll see that some of the pillars supporting the mosque enclosure have crosses near their crowns. That's because these pillars were repurposed from conquered crusader forts and monasteries. The guidebooks say that good chunks of he Citadel was constructed by crusader POWs. For the religious fanatic, no doubt few pleasures can top forcing a competing religious fanatic to build your denomination's places of worship. I sneakily approve.

It was time to head back to the city. Taxis wanted £E20 for any nearby destination (quadruple the reasonable rate) so they were left without anything at all as I headed off on foot.

I took a roundabout way from the Citadel to Ibn Tulun Mosque as I wanted to experience the alleys and passages of the neighborhood inbetween them. My first attempt to transect this densely built part of Cairo ended in a blind alley, so I retraced my steps and tried again.

On several occasions I got my bearings using my Nokia N95's built in GPS device coupled to Mobile GMaps, which shows high-resolution Google imagery of Cairo downloaded via my local Vodafone 3G data connection. No map of Cairo I've seen has the alleys I was in, but Google's satellite imagery does; the view from above definitely helped at intersections.

Once again, I found myself wishing I spoke better Arabic — not to berate greedy guides but because I wanted to engage with the genuinely friendly people in the shops and stalls, none of whom spoke English. Here I was off the beaten tourist path, so I was more a curiosity than a walking source of revenue.

The most photogenic moments I experienced were alas those where if I had lifted my camera to take the shot, I would have intruded on a moment that was not private but not quite public either. I walked past a barbershop, a miniscule green-walled shop with the fourth wall open to the street, and on the only chair lay an ancient man with his head leaning backwards. A younger man was shaving him carefully, a smile on his face. It was a gentle, touching moment, but I couldn't stop there and stare. This is a great reason to travel, I think — to experience those moments cameras don't (or can't) capture.

Ibn Tulun Mosque Next to Ibn Tulun Mosque is the Gayer-Anderson Museum, which comes highly recommended, but I left it for another day, as it was Ramadan, so it had closed early.I emerged at Ibn Tulun Mosque, a large, severe but beautiful edifice with clean lines and an unusual minaret, with the stairs on the outside. It was getting late in the day, with people soon hurrying home to break the fast, so I only managed a climb up an adjacent minaret to take in the view. I'll have to start my next walk from here.

The walk started at the Al Azhar mosque, home of the sheik who is the spiritual leader of all Egyptian Sunnis (which is a big deal to Egyptian Sunnis, which most are). I then percolated through the back alleys towards Bab Zuweila, the mosque adjacent to the southern gate of the walls surrounding Cairo during the Fatimid era. Further along, I came across the Blue Mosque, one of only few in the world adorned with blue glazed tiles.

Al Azhar Mosque This mosque is the spiritual center of Sunni dogma in Egypt. Upon entering the grounds, I took off my shoes, and was approached by a friendly man offering to show me around in English. I was game for a guided tour.

It began well, with a look at the madrassah, and a walk through the different stages of the mosque's expansion, but there was also an unexpected proselytising edge to the encounter. Upon learning I spoke Dutch, I was given a booklet in Dutch that purported to show how Islam can be proven scientifically. It was, not surprisingly, a cringe-inducing effort.

There is widespread use of carpeting, and the airy prayer hall is cool and peaceful. So peaceful, in fact, that it is littered with the bodies of men taking Ramadan naps. Women, as everywhere, don't get to hang out in the best bits of the mosque. The sheik prefers male atheists to devout muslim females, it would seem, though I strongly suspect that this has to do with the fact that femininity is a more visible trait than godlessness. We finally made it into the tomb of the mosque's founder (a recurring feature of mosques, I later found, and one of the main incentives to build them) where, out of sight of everyone else, my guide made his move. He wanted some money for his services. "I won't name a price," he said. Anything I wanted to give would be fine.

I had no problem with that. I offered him 5 LE, the equivalent of a taxi fare.

Ah. Well. He looked at the proffered bill, twisted his faces into a grimace, looked really unhappy, and said, "that is only five pounds."

I happen to know by now what five pounds (USD 0.90) buys. The cleaning lady gets 40 pounds for 5 hours of work. I was being played and above all I felt resentful at being subjected to the hypocrisy of an apparently pious man who just five minutes ago made a serious effort to bring me into the Muslim fold now deciding I was stupid enough to hit up for a cash windfall — for personal gain, mind you.

I also had a sense of proportion, however. As a westerner, this is little money, so I told him that I was willing to give more if we could call it a contribution to the mosque, and that I could give it to somebody official. That made him quite sheepish, and in the end I gave some money to the old guardian at the entrance. Yes, it occurred to me that this might be his plan B in the great tourist-milking conspiracy.

The back alleys to Bab Zuweila are quite remarkable. They are, above all, garbage-strewn, but not in a negative way — at least not if you're just passing by once. I often found myself pausing at the signs depicting the names of alleys. I now know half the Arabic alphabet, so more and more I can recognize and read fragments in names. Cairo is turning into a huge mathematical puzzle, wherein I get to apply transformational rules to one set of symbols on billboards and street signs in order to try to convert them to a set of symbols I already know — the latin alphabet. Frankly, learning Arabic is great fun, and addictive.

Bab Zuweila This mosque is being renovated, and here too a guardian offered to show me around. He was more businesslike, however, perhaps as I was the only visitor: He named his price, and also advertised the goods on offer; for 20 LE, I could go up to the roof of the mosque.

Bab el Zuweila is quite pittoresque, but even more so is the view — the twin minarets straddling the gate are real masterpieces, and from the roof you can frame them beautifully. It was the best view of Cairo yet — but only because I didn't know about the view I'd get from the Blue Mosque, just down the road.

Blue Mosque This is a mosque in disrepair, though it is being renovated with ample funds from UNESCO and others. It has a rogue palm tree in its central courtyard, which made for an obvious photo op. Here too a guardian offered to show me around, though he was quite well dressed and made out to be some kind of official minder of Egyptian cultural patrimony. And he was unfailingly polite and friendly.

The carrot he dangled in front of me was also quite special: A climb to the top of the 76-meter high minaret for a 360-degree view high of Islamic Cairo. It proved to be one of the more memorable Cairo experiences to date. I took some shots in quick succession and later stitched them together inexpertly, though the resulting jumble is quite accurate in an impressionistic way, if you get my drift:

This is when he decided to ask me, out of the blue, whether I had a wife and children. The reason he asked, it turns out, is that it allowed him to segue to the fact that that he had recently had triplets, and that the youngest, a boy, wasn't doing to well. He just left that hanging there.

After descending from the minaret, it was time to see the founder's tomb, which appears to be the preferred place in mosques to make one's pitch for money. Being the good pavlovian that I am, I offered him 10 LE, which still resulted in an unhappy face. And then he brought his unhealthy triplets into it. What to do?

I gave him more in the end, but made it clear I was unhappy. I resent having insufficient information to be able to decide whether I am being take for a ride or whether the suffering is real — and even then, am I paying for a service or alms? Next time I visit (and I will, as this is something I want visitors to see) I will either do the negotiating beforehand, or stick to my own sense of what the tour was worth, and polite protestations be damned. I took me three mosques to (re)learn my lesson: In Egypt, tourists are for fleecing. I can't wait to learn Arabic properly to better parry the onslaught.

The biggest draw there is the Coptic Museum, which had already closed when I arrived in the early afternoon, on account of Ramadan. (The guards are Muslim, and Cairo office hours tend to shorten during this month.) I'll need to go see that next time there is a visitor. In the meantime, I went for a walk down the back alleys and the poorer end of the cemetery. As always, it's where the tourists stop going that the (albeit decrepit) charm begins.

Almost all the religious iconography revolves around St. George and the unfortunate dragon he slayed — each depiction tackier than the rest. He also seems to have been tortured rather gruesomely — how gruesomely exactly is driven home by an elaborate display of iron shoes with spikes pointing upwards and a rack, proudly displayed by the local church guardian.

The Orthodox cemetery was perhaps the place with the most character, a very serene place away from the typical Cairo bustle. But I'll let the photos speak for themselves. Also, see the path I took (and the photos) in Google Earth: Just download this file and open it in Google Earth; it contains all my georeferenced content for Cairo. (No Google Earth? See the content in Google Maps instead.)

Cairo & Whale Valley Early May still saw me in Cairo, where the pressure was on to get the Second House of Sweden — Sweden's virtual embassy in Second Life — up and running in time for an inauguration that kept on being pushed forward, to accommodate the schedule of Carl Bildt, Sweden's foreign minister.

It would all end well, but that this would be the case was not at all clear from Cairo, nor was it from Stockholm, so there were many long days and nights, at home and — when the bandwidth demanded it — from internet cafés around Cairo's Zamalek island.

The highlight of my time in Cairo during May was without a doubt a visit to Wadi Al-Hitan, aka Whale Valley. A shallow wind-eroded valley 3 hours' driving into the Sahara southwest of Cairo, it holds around 400 mounds of fossilized whales, beached at the edge of an ancient sea 40 million year ago just as they were turning from land-based mammals back into ocean-going vessels. The site is unique because some of the whales found there still had hind legs, turning them into Exhibit A of missing links, evidence of evolution in progress.

Whale Valley has long been a semi-secret, inaccessible to all but the determined adventurer (or vandal). You'd have to hire a couple of sturdy 4WDs and drive through the dunes, aiming for a specific coordinate. In 2005, the site made the UNESCO World Heritage listing; this year a road was built to it, guards were posted and the area cordoned off. For me, this meant it was time to pursue some of the best paleotourism this side of Jurassic Park.

The easiest way there was to hire a car and a driver who knew where we were going. It cost us $120 for the whole day, divided by me and three co-travellers, friends I had rustled into going along.

The route to Whale Valley took us through the heart-shaped El Fayyum, a fertile depression first irrigated by the ancient Egyptians, and where farm technology still owes much to that time. In El Fayyum we also picked up an escort of army recruits, as we had an American in our posse and the area is described as "restless", whatever that means — the running joke among expats is that the escorts are the ROI Americans get on their billion-dollar aid packages to Egypt.

Whale Valley itself is unlike anything I've seen before. The landscape is windswept; rounded bulbs of harder stone jut out of fine yellow sand, and every so often a low mound is crowned with a whale's fossilized spine, all in a jumble, unless it's been reconstituted by passing paleontologists.

I've never seen fossils so accessible or so close up in their natural environment: Most of the site hasn't been excavated, so you really get to experience the sense of excitement paleontologists must feel when they first chance upon a new specimen, just lying there. All my previous encounters with objects paleontological were in museums. Whale Valley is a completely different experience.

That's not to say you get to rummage about by yourself while there. A friendly but unobtrusive park ranger walked with us for nearly two hours, pointing out the most interesting places. There is now a cordoned path through the park, and the ranger was adamant we not veer off it. A few months later, Whale Valley was in the news on reports that two jeeps from an unidentified European diplomatic mission allegedly drove over one of the whale fossil mounds after ignoring orders to stop. It was later revealed the diplomats were from Belgium(!) My Flickr set subsequently got a lot of hits as Whale Valley entered mainstream consciousness. For better and for worse, then, we Belgians have done more than any other nationality to put this place on the map...We were happy to oblige.

I took a good set of photos on the day, and used the expedition to play with some new GPS toys. Here's the Flickr set, and here's the post on Ogle Earth. I've also updated my Cairo KML file with the track we took on the day.

Second House of SwedenI travelled back to Sweden on May 20, and we launched Second House of Sweden on May 30. Carl Bildt was at the press conference, and it was very well covered by international media. As far as bangs for bucks goes, Sweden definitely got its money's worth.

The presentation itself was a bit audacious: We sat in front of a big screen; on it was projected my avatar's view of the virtual embassy. At the embassy in Second Life, the auditorium showed a live video feed of the proceedings at the real-life press conference, with a good number of avatars present. This created wonderful feedback loop opportunities, of course. At one point, press photographers were craning to get a shot of Carl Bildt, his avatar on the screen behind him, and the in-world screen behind his avatar showing the real-world press conference.

The whole thing has been put on Google Video, of course: The inauguration ceremony proper,

and my guided tour:

Check out the blog (Building the) Second House of Sweden for more.

West-coat vacation: In early June I took three weeks of vacation. I travelled to San Francisco, where I attended the International Symposium for Digital Earth at Berkeley. I was there both as blogger for Ogle Earth and as representative for International Polar Year, helping to coordinate the creation of www.ipy.org's Google Earth layer. It was also an opportunity to catch up with some old friends in the area.

F & M turned up, on their way to a house in the Napa Valley, and I hitched a ride with them. In the Napa valley we ate and drank to excess, much like the movie Sideways though without the self-loathing and the naked running around (at least as far as I am aware).

A few days later, Another M showed up in a rented SUV, and we drove up the west coast of California and into Oregon on the way up to K's family compound in the hills outside Portland. On the way, the major highlights were the
Redwood forests and Crater Lake. You can see that set here, or else take a look at it here:

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The redwood forests were impressive but one little run-in with a redwood was especially iconic. I remember this from old National Geographic magazines: A tunnel wide enough for a car to pass through it had been carved through a tree. We found it, did the deed, and documented it. Driving through the tree felt like participating in America's twin obsessions simultaneously — cars and nature.

After a week in Oregon I travelled to New York for a few days, to touch base, before heading back to Sweden. July and August were spent there, where summers are best. Early September I travelled back to Cairo, where a spare bedroom awaits visitors.

Brian Teed, an old friend from my days in Oklahoma as a camp counselor, has already dropped by — here's his blog post on the visit.

Granted, it's a bit of a self-selecting, early-adopter crowd over on Facebook, but still: Alarmists who see a resurgent Islam beating back western influences need to explain the many cases where the influence is clearly flowing the other way.

I am still convinced that the resurgence of Islamism in many parts of the Muslim world is not just due to a perceived sense of rising western influence, but an actual rise in western influence. It's partly a defensive reaction, rather than the preëmptive action many in the west make it out to be.