When good Swedes go bad

On Monday I attended a “debate” in the press room of the foreign ministry, topic Hur ser dom på Sverige? — How do they (foreigners) see Sweden? “Debate” is in scare quotes precisely because there was nothing scary to it. Everybody on the panel was über-polite to one another, agreed with everything, thought it worth adding a point perhaps or underscoring a particular sentiment while the audience snarfed down some rather fine wine during working hours. This audience consisted primarily of aging foreign correspondents, who during question time proceeded to ask questions that were really answers, to which the very polite panel listened intently.

The stunning conclusion: The image Sweden has abroad does not correspond exactly to reality. As to why this might be the case, the consensus was that there had been a miscommunication somewhere, a failure shared by both Swedes and foreign correspondents to be as accurate as they could be.

While various anecdotes to this effect were recounted over the course of an hour and a half, I devised an alternative theory, which I’ll run by you now. Could it be, possibly, that Sweden fulfills an indispensable role in national political debates everywhere as an ideal — a shorthand for an kind of polity against which to compare the local failures or successes? Perhaps American Republicans require Sweden to be a socialist suicide central. Perhaps Eastern Europeans demand that Sweden be a capitalist success. Maybe Southern Europe wants Sweden to be efficient. I can go on, put you get my point.

Against such a deluge of idealizing for local consumption, there is not much that Sweden can do, besides perhaps trying to ride on the coattails of a net positive fallout. What’s so bad about being a land of blonde athletic reserved singing nudists? It beats being a land of beery pedophiles, right?

If my theory is right, then a far more interesting (and difficult) question to answer is, Why Sweden? Why has Sweden, and not Finland or Canada or Australia, become a global yardstick for measuring progress, especially if, arguably, Sweden itself does not measure up to the myth? I don’t know the answer, but I think, in part, it has to do with historical accident; and once Sweden was typecast as the Jean-Luc Picard of nations, boldly going, it was a role so compelling that subsequent career turns just haven’t registered. There needs to be a Sweden on the world stage; if it didn’t exist, they’d have to invent one.

If Sweden ever wants to opt out of this role, it will not suffice to write more letters to the editors. Drastic measures will be needed. Drastic measures like… “When Good Swedes Go Bad!” the TV show, from the people that brought you “When Good Pets Go Bad!” and “When Chefs Attack!” I envisage the pitch would go something like this:

A fascinating, frightening program that shows what can happen when sweet, doting, responsible Swedes revert to their natural behaviour. Amazing, never-before seen footage of shocking real-life incidents will show ordinary members of Swedish society letting their true instincts take over:
 
— A CEO savagely guts his company for personal gain
— An unemployed loser turns on his foreign minister
— A tame village pastor murders his wife once too often!
— An alcoholic shoots the prime minister in the back
 
These are just a few of the horrifying events that are caught on camera and give us all a lesson in what can happen when government fails to act responsibly and treat its citizens humanely. Earth’s best friend? You will never look at Swedes in the same way again after you see what happens ÎWhen Good Swedes Go Bad’.

That should do it.

Dumpa Byggnads

An advertising campaign by the Swedish contruction worker’s union has the temerity to suggest that preventing immigrants from competing on price helps them avoid exploitation. Basically, by not working, you’re not being exploited, goes the reasoning. Of course, unions, like any other interest group, should look after their members, so if Swedish construction workers want to lobby the government for mercantilist laws to protect them from having to compete with eager hardworking Poles and Latvians, let them; but they must not be allowed to get away with baldfaced lies: They are not on the side of the poor; immigrants are not being exploited when they undercut Sweden’s union rates. Instead, it is Swedish consumers who are being exploited by high prices when they cannot access competitive labor markets.
 
The whole point of free trade and the free movement of labor — indeed, the raison d’être of the EU — is that countries specialize in producing those goods and services they have a comparative advantage in. For Poles, their advantage is price. For Swedes, it is technology. Both countries will have far more winners than losers when they trade goods and labor, but it is important to realize that you cannot have those winners without the losers. The solution is not kneejerk protectionism, it is training those who lose out so they can find new jobs. A generous welfare state makes this solution all the easier.
 
No luck getting this message across in Europe. Except for Ireland and the UK, all current EU member states will prevent acceding member states’ citizens (except the minuscule ones) from looking for work on their turf when they join, for up to seven years. Read this Guardian Special report. It reads like an ode to callousness.
 
And it is the perfect recipe for disillusionment. Take one EU, problems and all, then throw out the redeeming bits. Now stuff it down the newcomers’ throats. The upshot: Belgian EU citizens can work in Sweden because they are already rich. Polish EU citizens cannot, because they are too poor.
 
At least the British government “says it expects economic benefits from migrant workers,” according to the Guardian. Why can’t anyone else see this? Jean Monnet is turning in his grave.
Under helgen bestämde jag mig redan att jag skulle skriva här på svenska om Byggnadsarbetareförbundets annonskampanj som jag märkte up i tunnelbana förra veckan. Idag, lyckligtvis för er som pratar bättre svenska än jag, skrev Peter Wolodarski på DN allt som jag ville säga, men i mycket bättre svenska och i mer detalj. Kampanj är skamlig.

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Jag vill bara stryker under några saker. Jag kan förstå att Byggnads vill tillvarata deras medlemmars intressen, och att det betyder att de inte vill ha invandrare som jobbar för mindre pengar här i Sverige, därför att Byggnads inte är konkurrenskraftig med invandrare. Men Byggnads ljuger helt enkelt när de påstår att de vill hjälpa invandrare undvika utnyttjande. Invandrare som kommer till Sverige som byggnadsarbetare tjänar mer pengar här än hemma. Det är inte dumpning. Dumpning betyder sälja under kostpris för att ödelägga konkurrensen.

EUs utvidgning bevisa att det inte är invandrare som utnyttjas, det är vi svenska konsumenter som är utnyttjat av Byggnadsarbetareförbundet. De är för dyra i den nya EU.

Oops!… I did it again

What a stunning coincidence. In many nation-states around Europe, simultaneously, laws are being debated that ostensibly have no connection to one another — defending secularism in France, defending women’s rights in Belgium and Sweden, defending states’ rights in Germany, defending the autonomy of state-funded Christian schools in Spain and Italy — and yet, miraculously, despite these disparate if lofty ideals, they all converge on the exact same effect: Muslim women will not be allowed to wear headscarves in public schools.

If there is anything redeeming about this sudden flurry of legal innovation, it is that collectively these laws betray a certain embarrassment about their aims. In each case, the proscription against Muslim women is officially construed as a secondary effectThe silliest example of such a secondary effect is not France’s law against “conspicuous religious symbols” being used to ban the headscarf, but the defence in Spain of a state school run by nuns that forbade a Muslim girl from obeying the same biblical precept that obliges nuns to wear habits! Sorry, but that merits a rare exclamation mark.. To me, this signals that the proponents of these laws know they are treading on shaky legal ground. They know they can’t just come right out and say, “we’re going to make a law forbidding Muslim women from wearing headscarves at school,” because its intent would be laughed out of any human rights tribunal.

Hence the proscription as side effect. It’s the same desired effect, minus the intent. Countries are doing an admirable job of coming up with their own home-grown solutions, though with varying levels of precision: Sikhs are still in limbo in France, it turns outUpdate 2003/02/15: Scott Martens on A Fistful of Euros surveys the state of the headscarf debate online..

France is the furthest along this road to madness; if ever the lunatics end up running this asylum, blame the one with the Napoleon complex.

For bonus points, this has got to be the stupidest editorial I’ve read in years. But I’d love to be trumped.

Free Brunei

When it comes down to it, if somebody were to put a gun to my head and credibly demand to know my one favorite bar above all others or else, I’d have to go right ahead and betray Bouche Bar in favor of International Bar, on 1st between 7th and St. Marks.

Yes, the place looks like a biker dive, with cheap-beer neon in the window to scare away tourists; yes, it has blinking Christmas lights strewn year-long along the length of the railway carriage shaped space; and yes, it has a yellowed map of the world in the back on which Czechoslovakia and the Soviet Union are forever forces to be reckoned with; but boyo what generous cheap martinis! And the jukebox is the best in NYC — it’s where I first heard Stereolab — and they let you bring pizza slices into the bar to have with your drinks on rainy winter sunday afternoons… And the bartenders all just walked off the set of a Suicide Girls shoot.

One of them used to bartend at Downtown Beirut a few blocks up the roadThe perfectly adequate but tame bar Standard has taken its place., that legendary but now defunct punk rock bar from a time when the East Village still scared people. She took her attitude seriously: When American moviestar Buddhists successfully ignited the Free Tibet campaign in the late-middle ninetiesft.gif, she put up a sign behind the till that read, “Free Tibet (with every drink)”. To me, that line will forever nail our jaded end-of-the-millenium take on the world, from a time when people still smoked and 911 was a Porsche model.

Fast forward to today’s Swedish papers, which ganged up on their king for comments he made while visiting a fellow monarch, the Sultan of Brunei: King Carl Gustaf thought Brunei a lovely place, “a country which is much more open than one may imagine,” with an absolutely delightful host of a Sultan who “holds an open audience where anyone who wants to can come and present his wishes, and presumably his complaints also.”

The problem? The Swedish government considers Brunei to be a dictatorship, and King Gustaf, politically neutered by law, is not supposed to make normative statements about anything weightier than the weather, unless it’s about global warming, in which case he better shut up and not sweat either.

Except that Brunei, an absolute monarchy, is filthy rich, and the Sultan has more than enough money to rule his 350,000 subjects through patronage. The human rights situation in Brunei, compared to all the other countries of the region, is really quite good — certainly better than any other Muslim country that I can think of — and improving. The 2002 Amnesty International country report documents the release of evangelical Christians who were held as prisoners of conscience. The 2003 Amnesty annual report does not bother with Brunei at all; few countries manage that featSweden isn’t one of them. Both the 2002 and the 2003 Sweden country reports document police brutality, deaths in custody and a suspicious police killing. Going by Amnesty’s numbers, then, you might want to go live in Brunei — and imagine, they have no income tax..

So perhaps it was bit opportunistic to criticize the king for being publicly grateful to his host, especially if in a narrow sense, his comments are not factually incorrect. It is certainly the case that we are not in a situation where the oppressed Bruneian masses are yearning to breathe free, like they do in Tibet; and this in turn frees me to revisit, just for the evening, my jaded views of yore: To all those members of parliament who paraded in front of the cameras, condemning in the strongest possible terms the evils of the Sultan’s regime in a country they had to look up on the map this morning, go ahead, buy yourself a Free Brunei T-shirt, or mug. I’m selling at cost, since the Brunei Relief Fund is not short of cash. It should go nicely with that previous icon of jaded chic — the Free Winona T-shirt:

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I suspect this whole affair has absolutely nothing to do with Brunei, and everything with the monarchy. Let’s face it: Monarchs, be they Belgian, British, Swedish or Bruneian, have more in common with each other than they do with their subjects — they are born cossetted rich parasites through no fault of their own, but choose to remain so in their adult life, and that is inexcusable. Monarchies symbolize the superiority by birth-right of one man over another. If the monarch also wields power, as in Brunei, this at least makes sense according to some internal logic. But in a constitutional monarchy, this symbolism is a jarring anachronism, because ostensibly, democracies are meritocracies.

Maybe I’ll go make some Free Belgium T-shirts…

Marshall in The New Yorker

Joshua Micah Marshall, of Talking Points Memo fame, has what he calls “a review essay on the new literature of empire” out in The New Yorker today. Is this the first time a blogger gets to write for something so prestigious on account of a reputation made by their blogAndrew Sullivan doesn’t count — he made his name at The New Republic. Marshall did not make his name at The Hill.?

I think he makes some wonderful points. The whole piece is a deft rejoinder to the televised debate he had with Richard Perle last month. This in particular had me smiling:

What makes a state a state is its monopoly over the legitimate use of force, which means that citizens don’t have to worry about arming to defend themselves against each other. Instead, they can focus on productive pursuits like raising families, making money, and enjoying their leisure time. In the world of the Bush doctrine, states take the place of citizens.
 
[…]
 
In other words, if America has an effective monopoly on the exercise of military force, other countries should be able to set aside the distractions of arming and plotting against each other and put their energies into producing consumer electronics, textiles, tea. What the Bush doctrine calls for—paradoxically, given its proponents—is a form of world government.

I’m ambivalent about the actual writing, however, because, well, it’s a bit bloggy. I’m not sure if, despite all my cheering on of blogs, I am ready to see The New Yorker — or any magazine I want to read — adopt the shoot-from-the-hip breeziness of tone we know and love on a blog. Whenever Marshall mentions one of the books he is “reviewing”, you feel him wanting to link to it and be done with it, with the reader free to explore that particular nook should the fancy strike him. But of course Marshall can’t link in this article, not on the printed page.

Previously, I’ve lamented the book review as executive summary. Marshall’s approach veers too much to the other extreme: He comes to the task armed with a ready docrine to propound, then pecks at the books to illustrate a point or else raids them for interesting anecdotes. These books are not the subject of this review; his thesis is. This makes for great blogging, but a less convincing New Yorker piece.

Secular Israel, cont.

Didn’t see it until just now on A&L Daily, but this is a fine fine article by Brian Klug, a symphony to my own humming from a week ago, though we’ve got the same tune in our head:

The alternatives are not black and white: either preserving the status quo or annihilation. There are a variety of constitutional arrangements in between. For example, Israel could continue to exist as a sovereign state but cease to define itself, in its basic laws and state institutions, as specifically Jewish. Or there is the so-called one-state solution: a binational homeland for Palestinians and Jews. The tragic impasse in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict has renewed interest in this proposal among some Arab and Jewish intellectuals. And although this view lacks a significant constituency in either community at present, attitudes may well change.

Whining and dying in NYC

There is, of course, little sympathy from these quarters for complaints from New York about how damn cold it is. Why exactly kids can’t go to school when it’s -17°C or two feet of snow falls is a mystery to me. But the weather in New York City was cause for another interesting little debate with Anna about societal differences between the US and SwedenWhat else did you expect? You will also find gross overgeneralizations, but I think there is an interesting point to be made here nonetheless..

The thesis: That there is an inverse correlation between the level of social services provided by a society and the average minimum winter temperature.

The argument: Let us assume that both Sweden and New York, as societies, have the same tolerance for homeless death rates. It’s probably a very low number, near zero. Any spree of deaths would result in an immediate uproar.

Let us also assume that there is an exponential rise in homeless deaths as the temperature drops. Far more homeless are at risk at -20°C than -10°C, say.

New York rarely reaches -20°C, so being homeless in NYC rarely means you are at risk of dying from the cold. Not so in Sweden. If you were truly homeless in Sweden, good luck surviving the winter.

There are two possible solutions: The first is an ad hoc one, as implemented by Mayor Bloomberg: Go hunting for the homeless and bring them in from the cold, so they do not have to withstand these extremes in temperature. This is probably the cheapest and most efficient way to prevent homeless deaths if it is rarely this coldAnna recoils at my use off the word “efficient” in the context of managing human suffering..

Not so if you know it always gets this cold. In that case, it is more efficient to institute a system that alleviates homelessness in the first place instead of permanently treating the symptoms of homelessness on an ad hoc basis. In other words, both American homelessness and the Nordic welfare system are perfect examples of climatic adaptation. It explains why Canada has a more generous welfare system than the US. And it explains why the communist revolution happened in Russia. How’s that for a theory?

I’ve seen this kind of macro-economic measuring of opportunity costs elsewhere: In Washington DC, the one snowstorm that hits every three years completely paralyzes the city for a week, because there are no snowplows to speak of. The cost: a week’s worth of man hours. In Sweden, that cost is paid upfront. Highway driving in a snowstorm leads to an awesome sight: Huge snowplows, driving in tight formation at high speed (think chopper scene in Apocalypse Now, with the Ride of the Valkyries at full volume) scream through the falling snow, followed by a peloton of cars. Last year, I actually managed to drive from Norway (where it was damn cold) back to Sweden at near the speed limit in just this kind of weather.

Homework question: Why is the inverse not true? Why does the likelihood of extremely hot summers causing elderly deaths through heat exposure not seem to affect the level of social services? For the same reason that freak heat waves do not spur (French) authorities to create ad hoc cooling solutions for the elderly?

For a secular Israel (dream on)

Sometimes posts I read bug me longer than expected. This tells me I should have blogged them to begin with. Here is a recent example: David Volokh Bernstein’s defense of ethnic/religion-based states, specifically Israel. Where to begin? With Bernstein’s semantic bait-and-switch:

Supporting Ethnic-Religion Based States: I occasionally get email from readers suggesting that Israel is unworthy of support, or even existence, because it is an ethnic/religion-based state.

Naturally, the rest of the post concerns itself with Israel’s right to exist, instead of what would be justifiable levels of support. Not interesting, especially if the argument, in a nutshell, goes like this: A) Poland is a ethnic/religion-based state. B) Israel is a ethnic/religion-based state. C) Poland has a right to exist. Therefore D) Israel has a right to exist. Basically, because A = B, if C then also D. And C is certainly the case. Hence D. Brilliant, that.

This rather truncheons nuanced argument from the likes of me, who support the right of Israel (and Poland) to exist, but think it indefensible for one religion and/or ethnic group to be elevated by law over others. If it’s deplorable when it happens in Iran, Afghanistan and Saudi Arabia, we should deplore it in our midst too, whether that be the Vatican, Italy, Israel, Ireland, France, Bavaria, Apartheid South Africa or segregation Southern USA.

My reason: In an ideal world, a polity exists to create a level playing field for its constituent population. In the economic sphere, innovation and competition is assured by guarding against market failures such as monopolies; similarly, a free market of religious or cultural ideas cannot thrive if one religion or culture is granted monopolistic powers by law. Such monopolies might be stable, but at the expense of ethical and cultural innovation. Witness the stagnation of both the Catholic Church (in those areas where it is entrenched) and of societies that have implemented Islamic law.

Bernstein would probably sit impatiently through that last paragraph and now testily point out that all this is good an well, but that in Israel’s case, if you support taking the word “Jewish” out of “Jewish state”, you are de facto against Israel’s existence. That is not true: There would still be a majority of ethnic Jews living together with a minority of ethnic Arabs in a secular democracy, at least for its citizensPointedly not a democracy for Palestinians, but let’s just assume we can fast-forward to an independent but defanged Palestine, which is the inevitable solution and both sides know it.. One homeland with room enough for both Jews and Arabs is, believe it or not, quite compatible with the original mandate granted by the British to the Zionist movement in the Balfour Declaration of 1917:

His Majesty’s Government view with favour the establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people, and will use their best endeavours to facilitate the achievement of this object, it being clearly understood that nothing shall be done which may prejudice the civil and religious rights of existing non-Jewish communities in Palestine, or the rights and political status enjoyed by Jews in any other countryWriting it was a mess of negotiations; clarifying it wasn’t any easier..

Ethnic Jews lose no freedoms in transferring to a secular arrangement, while Israeli Arabs gain a stake in the state as legal equals. Now that the state guarantees a free market of ideas, cultural and ethical innovation is worth exploring again. You only lose out if you subscribe to an orthodoxy. Which suits me fine.

Backdoor into Europe

It happened very quietly, but as of Jan 1, 2004, Turkey is a full participant in the Socrates/Erasmus Europe-wide educational cooperation and exchange programmes. Turkish students can now go study anywhere in Europe for up to a year, much as European students have been doing for years. European students, of course, can now go hang out in Istanbul. Will it become the new Prague?

This is the kind of subtle tectonic shift that will eventually make Turkey’s entry into the EU inevitable, and I applaud heartily.